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George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress1741-1799:Series 8d, Extracts, Abstracts and Notes,1760-1799

Richard Butler November 30, 1787 Indian Vocabulary

Indian Vocabulary and Letter from Richard Butler to General Washington date 30^th Nov. 1787

            The following seven pages to the word Ten marked thus #, are the words which were sent to me to be translated, the Shawano I have done myself which are to be spoken as nearly as possible to the real sound of the Indian word.  The Lennopea, or Delaware, were done by a young man called John Killbuck, an Indian of that nation who has been educated at Princetown College at the expense of the N.S.J. patronage of Congress, and is spelled according to his own idea of the idiom.  The rest of the 7^th page I have filled up in Shawano to show their manner of counting from one to ten thousand.

Notes:  a in the Shawano tongue is to be sounded as broad as all, walk, etc. except when it follows e in the middle or at the end of a word; it is then sounded soft as in the English.

Marks: Thus ( _ ) under a syllable denote that the letters are to be expressed, or sounded, as conjunctly as possible.

Thus ( , ) below and between the letters, denote the division between syllables.

The emphasis must be placed agreeable to the combination of  sounds attached to, or attendant on, the same letters in the English, being obliged to spell to the sound of the Indian sound. 

Ie at the beginning of a word and ie at the end, is to be sounded like double ee and

Ia, when composing a syllable at the beginning of a word is sounded like double ee and a broadgrained, or like ya.

And ch after u, e, or o in the same syllable, is to be sounded gutturally, as gh in aught,

And chi, cha, che are to be sounded as ch in charge, che in cherry, or ch in child, etc., which are the chief directions which appear to me necessary for reading this vocabulary.

Richard Butler